Research Links and Background on Ocean Carbon Sequestration Carbon Sequestration Bibliography Related Links Bibliography

General Sequestration Publications
Publications Related to Inorganic Ocean Carbon Sequestration Strategies
Publications Related to Organic Ocean Carbon Sequestration Strategies Other Relevant Ocean Science Papers Other Relevant Papers

General Sequestration

Anonymous. A Timely Boost to Research on Carbon Sequestration. Nature, 1999 Sep 23, V401 N6751:309.

Anonymous. US, Japan, Norway to Study Long-Term CO2 Disposal Options. Oil & Gas Journal, 1997 Dec 15, V95 N50:18-18.

Audus, H. Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Technology: An Overview of the CO2 Capture and Sequestration Studies and Further Activities of the IEA Greenhouse Gas R+D Programme. Energy, 1997 Feb-Mar, V22 N2-3:217-221.

Bergman, P. Overview of US Department of Energy Research Subprogram in CO2 Capture, Re-Use and Disposal. Waste Management, 1997, V17 N5-6:289-293.

Caldeira, K., and G.H. Rau, Accelerating carbonate dissolution to sequester carbon dioxide in the ocean: Geochemical implications, Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 27, 225-228, 2000.

Dalton, R. US Warms to Carbon Sequestration Research. Nature, 1999 Sep 23, V401 N6751:315.

Eckaus, RS, Jacoby, HD, Ellerman, AD, Leung, WC, and others. Economic Assessment of CO2 Capture and Disposal. Energy Conversion and Management, 1997, V38 Supps:S621-S627.

Herzog, H.E., Adams, E., Auerbach, D., and Caulfield, J. (1995) Technology Assessment of CO2 Ocean Disposal, Report MIT-EL 95-001, MIT Energy Lab, Cambridge, MA.

Johnston, P, Santillo, D, Stringer, R, Parmentier, R, and others. Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide from Fossil Fuel Production and Use – An Overview of Rationale, Techniques and Implications. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1999, V6 N4:245-246.

Kaya Y. The Role of CO2 Removal and Disposal. Energy Conversion and Management, 1995 Jun-Sep, V36 N6-9:375-380.

Matsuhashi R, Ishitani H. Modification of Energy System and CO2 Disposal for Reducing CO2 Economically. Energy Conversion and Management, 1992 May-Aug, V33 N5-8:755-761.

Matsuhashi R, Watanabe F, Ishitani H. Scenario Analysis for Sustainable Development Considering CO2 Disposal. Energy Conversion and Management, 1993 Sep-Nov, V34 N9-11:799-806.

Ormerod WG, Webster IC, Audus H, Riemer PWF. An Overview of Large Scale CO2 Disposal Options. Energy Conversion and Management, 1993 Sep-Nov, V34 N9-11:833-840.

Richards, K. Coercion and Enterprise in the Provision of Environmental Public Goods: The Case of Carbon Sequestration in the United States. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 1997, V27 Si:S293-S307.

Spencer, D.F., and North, W.J.(1997) Ocean systems for managing the global carbon cycle, Energy Convers. Mgmt. 38, S265—S271.

Stavins, RN. The Costs of Carbon Sequestration: A Revealed-Preference Approach. American Economic Review, 1999 Sep, V89 N4:994-1009.

Summerfield IR, Goldthorpe SH, Sheikh KA, Williams N, and others. The Full Fuel Cycle of CO2 Capture and Disposal – Capture and Disposal Technologies. Energy Conversion and Management, 1995 Jun-Sep, V36 N6-9:849-852.

Summerfield IR, Goldthorpe SH, Williams N, Sheikh A. Costs of CO2 Disposal Options. Energy Conversion and Management, 1993 Sep-Nov, V34 N9-11:1105-1112.

Vankooten, GC, Grainger, A, Ley, E, Marland, G, and others. Conceptual Issues Related to Carbon Sequestration: Uncertainty and Time. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 1997, V27 Si:S65-S82.

Vanree R. Carbon Dioxide – Problem Matter or Inexpensive Raw Material – an Inventory of Technologies for the Usage and Disposal of CO2. Energy Conversion and Management, 1995 Jun-Sep, V36 N6-9:935-938.

Seifritz W. Optimum Location of Electric Power Stations With CO2-Disposal. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1996 Feb, V21 N2:139-140.

Related to Inorganic Ocean Carbon Sequestration Strategies

Adams EE, Golomb DS, Herzog HJ. Ocean Disposal of CO2 At Intermediate Depths. Energy Conversion and Management, 1995 Jun-Sep, V36 N6-9:447-452.

Adams, EE, Caulfield, JA, Herzog, HJ, Auerbach, DI. Impacts of Reduced pH from Ocean CO2 Disposal: Sensitivity of Zooplankton Mortality to Model Parameters. Waste Management, 1997, V17 N5-6:375-380.

Alendal, G. (1997) LES study of CO2 enriched gravity plumes, Energy Convers. Mgmt. (38) S331—S336.

Auerbach, D. I., Caulfied, J. A., Adams, E. E., and Herzog, H. J., (1997). "Impacts of ocean CO2 disposal on marine life: I A toxicological assessment integrating constant-concentration laboratory assay data with variable-concentration field exposure", Environmental Modeling and Assessment 2:333-343.

Bacastow RB, Cole KH, Dewey RK, Stegen GR. Effectiveness of CO2 Sequestration in the Oceans Considering Location and Depth. Energy Conversion and Management, 1995 Jun-Sep, V36 N6-9:555-558.

Bacastow RB, Dewey RK. Effectiveness of CO2 Sequestration in the Post-Industrial Ocean. Energy Conversion and Management, 1996 Jun-Aug, V37 N6-8:1079-1086.

Bacastow, RB, Dewey, RK, Stegen, GR. Effectiveness of CO2 Sequestration in the Pre- and Post-Industrial Oceans. Waste Management, 1997, V17 N5-6:315-322.

Brewer, PG, Friederich, C, Peltzer, ET, Orr, FM. Direct Experiments on the Ocean Disposal of Fossil Fuel CO2. Science, 1999 May 7, V284 N5416:943-945.

Brewer, PG, Orr, FM, Friederich, G, Kvenvolden, KA, and others. Gas Hydrate Formation in the Deep Sea: in Situ Experiments With Controlled Release of Methane, Natural Gas, and Carbon Dioxide. Energy & Fuels, 1998 Jan-Feb, V12 N1:183-188.

Caulfied, J. A., Adams, E. E., Auerbach, D. I., and Herzog, H. J., (1997) "Impacts of ocean CO2 disposal on marine life: I Probabilistic plume exposure model used with a time-varying dose-response analysis", Environmental Modeling and Assessment 2:345-353.

Caulfield, JA, Auerbach, DI, Adams, EE, Herzog, HJ. Near Field Impacts of Reduced pH from Ocean CO2 Disposal. Energy Conversion and Management, 1997, V38 Supps:S343-S348.

Dewey, RK, Stegen, GR, Bacastow, R. Far-Field Impacts Associated With Ocean Disposal of CO2. Energy Conversion and Management, 1997, V38 Supps:S349-S354.

Drange H, Haugan PM. Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in the Ocean – the Possibility of Injection in Shallow Water. Energy Conversion and Management, 1992 May-Aug, V33 N5-8:697-704.

Dudgeon C, Cannell C, Kollek R. IEA Conference on Carbon Dioxide Disposal, Oxford, March 1993 – Liquid Carbon Dioxide Injection At the Ocean Floor – Overview of Technical Feasibility Study. Energy Conversion and Management, 1993 Sep-Nov, V34 N9-11:977-982.

Flannery BP, Kheshgi HS, Hoffert MI, Lapenis AG. Assessing the Effectiveness of Marine CO2 Disposal. Energy Conversion and Management, 1993 Sep-Nov, V34 N9-11:983-989.

Fujioka Y, Ozaki M, Takeuchi K, Shindo Y, and others. Ocean CO2 Sequestration At the Depths Larger Than 3700 M. Energy Conversion and Management, 1995 Jun-Sep, V36 N6-9:551-554.

Fujioka, Y, Ozaki, M, Takeuchi, K, Shindo, Y, and others. Cost Comparison in Various CO2 Ocean Disposal Options. Energy Conversion and Management, 1997, V38 Supps:S273-S277.

Goldstein RA. The Role of Whitings in CO2 Circulation and Sequestration (Reprinted from Exploratory Research Letter, October 1993) Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 1994 Jan, V44 N1:53-53. Pub Type: Reprint.

Golomb D. Ocean Disposal of CO2 – Feasibility, Economics and Effects. Energy Conversion and Management, 1993 Sep-Nov, V34 N9-11:967-976.

Golomb, D. Transport Systems for Ocean Disposal of CO2 and Their Environmental Effects. Energy Conversion and Management, 1997, V38 Supps:S279-S286.

Guevel P, Fruman Dh, Murray N. Conceptual Design of an Integrated Solid CO2 Penetrator Marine Disposal System. Energy Conversion and Management, 1996 Jun-Aug, V37 N6-8:1053-1060.

Haugan PM, Drange H. Sequestration of CO2 in the Deep Ocean by Shallow Injection. Nature, 1992 May 28, V357 N6376:318-320.

Haugen HA, Eide LI. CO2 Capture and Disposal – the Realism of Large Scale Scenarios. Energy Conversion and Management, 1996 Jun-Aug, V37 N6-8:1061-1066.

Herzog HJ, Adams EE, Auerbach D, Caulfield J. Environmental Impacts of Ocean Disposal of CO2. Energy Conversion and Management, 1996 Jun-Aug, V37 N6-8:999-1005.

Herzog HJ, Drake EM. Carbon Dioxide Recovery and Disposal from Large Energy Systems. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 1996, V21:145-166.

Herzog, HJ. Introduction. Energy Conversion and Management, 1997, V38 Supps:S1-S2.

Hoffert, M.I., Wey, Y.-C., Callegari, A.J., and Broecker, W.S. (1979) Atmospheric response to deep-sea injections of fossil-fuel carbon dioxide, Climatic Change (2) 53—68.

Kajishima, T, Saito, T, Nagaosa, R, Kosugi, S. Glad: a Gas-Lift Method for CO2 Disposal Into the Ocean. Energy, 1997 Feb-Mar, V22 N2-3:257-262.

Kerr RA. Ocean Chemistry – Iron Fertilization – A Tonic, But No Cure for the Greenhouse. Science, 1994 Feb 25, V263 N5150:1089-1090.

Kheshgi HS, Flannery BP, Hoffert MI, Lapenis AG. The Effectiveness of Marine CO2 Disposal. Energy, 1994 Sep, V19 N9:967-974.

Kheshgi HS. Sequestering Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide by Increasing Ocean Alkalinity. Energy, 1995 Sep, V20 N9:915-922.

Koide, H, Shindo, Y, Tazaki, Y, Iijima, M, and others. Deep Sub-Seabed Disposal of CO2 – the Most Protective Storage. Energy Conversion and Management, 1997, V38 Supps:S253-S258.

Koide, H, Takahashi, M, Shindo, Y, Tazaki, Y, and others. Hydrate Formation in Sediments in the Sub-Seabed Disposal of CO2. Energy, 1997 Feb-Mar, V22 N2-3:279-283.

Kusuda, S. International Symposium on Ocean Disposal of Carbon Dioxide. Waste Management, 1997, V17 N5-6:279-280.

Magnesen, T., and Wohl, T. (1993) Biological impact of deep sea disposal of carbon dioxide, Technical Report 77A, Bergen, Norway.

Marchetti, C. (1977) On geoengineering and the CO2 problem. Climatic Change (1) 59—68.

Masutani SM, Kinoshita CM, Nihous GC, Ho T, and others. An Experiment to Simulate Ocean Disposal of Carbon Dioxide. Energy Conversion and Management, 1993 Sep-Nov, V34 N9-11:865-872.

Mitsukawa, H. International Symposium on Ocean Disposal of Carbon Dioxide. Waste Management, 1997, V17 N5-6:275-275.

Nakashiki N, T Ohsumi and K Shitashima, "Sequestering of CO2 in a deep ocean -- fall velocity and dissolution rate of solid CO2 in the ocean", CRIEPI Report (EU 91003), Japan (1991). 2

Nakashiki, N. Lake-Type Storage Concepts for CO2 Disposal Option. Waste Management, 1997, V17 N5-6:361-367.

Nihous, GC. Technological Challenges Associated With the Sequestration of CO2 in the Ocean. Waste Management, 1997, V17 N5-6:337-341.

Ohsumi T. (1995) CO2 Disposal Options in the Deep Sea", Marine Technology Society Journal (29) 58-66 .

Ozaki, M, Fujioka, Y, Takeuchi, K, Sonoda, K, and others. Length of Vertical Pipes for Deep-Ocean Sequestration of CO2 in Rough Seas. Energy, 1997 Feb-Mar, V22 N2-3:229-237.

Prince RC, Kheshgi HS. Longevity in the Deep. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 1996 Jul, V11 N7:280-280.

Rau, GH, Caldeira, K. Enhanced Carbonate Dissolution: a Means of Sequestering Waste CO2 As Ocean Bicarbonate. Energy Conversion and Management, 1999 Nov, V40 N17:1803-1813.

Saito, T, Kajishima, T, Tsuchiya, K, Kosugi, S. Mass Transfer and Structure of Bubbly Flows in a System of CO2 Disposal Into the Ocean by a Gas-Lift Column. Chemical Engineering Science, 1999 Nov, V54 N21:4945-4951.

Saji, A, Noda, H, Takamura, Y, Watanabe, F, and others. Analysis of Consolidation Method of CO2 Clathrate for CO2 Disposal in Deep Ocean. Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu, 1997 Jul, V23 N4:482-490. Language: Japanese.

SandØ, A.B., Drange, H., and Haugan, P.M. (1993) Diffusion of CO2 to the atmosphere from a source in the deep ocean, Energy Convers. Mgmt. (34) 849—856.

Shirayama, Y. Biodiversity and Biological Impact of Ocean Disposal of Carbon Dioxide. Waste Management, 1997, V17 N5-6:381-384.

Stegen GR, Cole KH, Bacastow R. The Influence of Discharge Depth and Location on the Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide. Energy Conversion and Management, 1993 Sep-Nov, V34 N9-11:857-864.

Takeuchi, K, Fujioka, Y, Kawasaki, Y, Shirayama, Y. Impacts of High Concentration of CO2 on Marine Organisms, a Modification of CO2 Ocean Sequestration. Energy Conversion and Management, 1997, V38 Supps:S337-S341.

Thorkildsen, F, Alendal, G. (1997) LES study of flow around a CO2-droplet plume in the ocean. Energy Conversion and Mgmt. (38) S361—366.

Wilson TRS. The Deep Ocean Disposal of Carbon Dioxide. Energy Conversion and Management, 1992 May-Aug, V33 N5-8:627-633.

Wong CS, Matear R. The Storage of Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide in the Ocean. Energy Conversion and Management, 1993 Sep-Nov, V34 N9-11:873-880.

Wong CS, Matear RJ. Effects of Circulation and Mixing on the Disposal of CO2 in the North Pacific. Energy Conversion and Management, 1996 Jun-Aug, V37 N6-8:1007-1012.

Wong, CS, Matear, RJ. Ocean Disposal of CO2 in the North Pacific Ocean: Assessment of CO2 Chemistry and Circulation on Storage and Return to the Atmosphere. Waste Management, 1997, V17 N5-6:329-335.

Xu, Y., Ishizaka, J., and Aoki, S. (1999) Simulations of the distributions of sequestered CO2 in the North Pacific using a regional general circulation model, Energy Convers. Mgmt. (40) 683—691.

Zhang, X.Y., Adams, E.E. (1999) Prediction of near field plume characteristics using far field circulation model. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering-ASCE (125) 233-241.

Related to Organic Ocean Carbon Sequestration Strategies

Behrenfeld MJ, Bale AJ, Kolber ZS, Aiken J, and others. Confirmation of Iron Limitation of Phytoplankton Photosynthesis in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 1996 Oct 10, V383 N6600:508-511.

Cavender-Bares, KK, Mann, EL, Chisholm, SW, Ondrusek, ME, and others. Differential Response of Equatorial Pacific Phytoplankton to Iron Fertilization. Limnology and Oceanography, 1999 Mar, V44 N2:237-246.

Chavez FP, Buck KR, Coale KH, Martin JH, and others. Growth Rates, Grazing, Sinking, and Iron Limitation of Equatorial Pacific Phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography, 1991 Dec, V36 N8:1816-1833.

Chisholm SW. The Iron Hypothesis – Basic Research Meets Environmental Policy. Reviews of Geophysics, 1995, V33 S:1277-1286.

Chisholm SW. What Limits Phytoplankton Growth. Oceanus, 1992 Fall, V35 N3:36-46.

Chisholm SW, Morel Fmm. What Controls Phytoplankton Production in Nutrient-Rich Areas of the Open Sea – American-Society-Of-Limnology-And-Oceanography Symposium – 22-24 February 1991 San-Marcos, California – Preface. Limnology and Oceanography, 1991 Dec, V36 N8:U1507-U1511.

Coale KH. Effects of Iron, Manganese, Copper, and Zinc Enrichments on Productivity and Biomass in the Subarctic Pacific. Limnology and Oceanography, 1991 Dec, V36 N8:1851-1864.

Coale KH, Fitzwater SE, Gordon RM, Johnson KS, and others. Control of Community Growth and Export Production by Upwelled Iron in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 1996 Feb 15, V379 N6566:621-624.

Coale KH, Johnson KS, Fitzwater SE, Gordon RM, and others. a Massive Phytoplankton Bloom Induced by an Ecosystem-Scale Iron Fertilization Experiment in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 1996 Oct 10, V383 N6600:495-501.

Coale, KH, Johnson, KS, Fitzwater, SE, Blain, Spg, and others. Ironex-I, an in Situ Iron-Enrichment Experiment: Experimental Design, Implementation and Results. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 1998, V45 N6:919-945.

Cooper DJ, Watson AJ, Nightingale PD. Large Decrease in Ocean-Surface CO2 Fugacity in Response to in Situ Iron Fertilization. Nature, 1996 Oct 10, V383 N6600:511-513.

Falkowski PG. Ironing Out What Controls Primary Production in the Nutrient Rich Waters of the Open Ocean. Global Change Biology, 1995 Jun, V1 N3:161-163. Pub Type: Note.

Fitzwater SE, Coale KH, Gordon RM, Johnson KS, and others. Iron Deficiency and Phytoplankton Growth in the Equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 1996, V43 N4-6:995-1015.

Gordon, RM, Coale, KH, Johnson, KS. Iron Distributions in the Equatorial Pacific: Implications for New Production. Limnology and Oceanography, 1997 May, V42 N3:419-431.

Gordon, RM, Johnson, KS, Coale, KH. The Behaviour of Iron and Other Trace Elements During the Ironex-I and Plumex Experiments in the Equatorial Pacific. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 1998, V45 N6:995-1041.

Jones, I. (1996) Enhanced carbon dioxide uptake by the world’s oceans. Energy Convers. Mgmt. (37) 1049—1052.

Jones, I.S.F., and Otaegui, D.,1997, Photosynthetic greenhouse gas mitigation by ocean nourishment, Energy Convers. Mgmt. 38, S367—S372.

Joos F, Sarmiento JL, Siegenthaler U. Estimates of the Effect of Southern Ocean Iron Fertilization on Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations. Nature, 1991 Feb 28, V349 N6312:772-775.

Kolber ZS, Barber RT, Coale KH, Fitzwater SE, and others. Iron Limitation of Phytoplankton Photosynthesis in the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 1994 Sep 8, V371 N6493:145-149.

Kurz KD, Maierreimer E. Iron Fertilization of the Austral Ocean – The Hamburg Model Assessment. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1993 Mar, V7 N1:229-244.

Landry, MR, Barber, RT, Bidigare, RR, Chai, F, and others. Iron and Grazing Constraints on Primary Production in the Central Equatorial Pacific: An EqPac Synthesis. Limnology and Oceanography, 1997 May, V42 N3:405-418.

Martin JH, Coale KH, Johnson KS, Fitzwater SE, and others. Testing the Iron Hypothesis in Ecosystems of the Equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature, 1994 Sep 8, V371 N6493:123-129.

Martin, J.H (1992) Iron as a limiting factor in ocean productivity. In Primary Production and Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea, P. Falkowski and A. D. Woodhead, eds., Plenum Press, New York.

Martin, J.H., and S.E. Fitzwater (1988) Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the northeast Pacific subarctic. Nature (331) 341—343.

Martin, J.H., Gordon, R.M., and Fitzwater, S.E. (1990) Iron in Antarctic waters, Nature (345) 156—158.

Martin, J.H., R.M. Gordon, and S.E. Fitzwater (1991). The case for iron: What Controls Phytoplankton Production in Nutrient Rich Areas of the Open Sea? Limnol. Oceanogr. 36(8):1793—1802.

Orr JC. Carbon Dioxide Disposal – the Deep-6 Fix Again. Nature, 1992 May 28, V357 N6376:283-284.

Orr JC, Sarmiento JL. Potential of Marine Macroalgae As a Sink for CO2 – Constraints from a 3-D General Circulation Model of the Global Ocean. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 1992 Aug, V64 N1-2:405-421.

Peng TH, Broecker WS. Dynamical Limitations on the Antarctic Iron Fertilization Strategy. Nature, 1991 Jan 17, V349 N6306:227-229.

Peng TH, Broecker WS. Factors Limiting the Reduction of Atmospheric CO2 by Iron Fertilization. Limnology and Oceanography, 1991 Dec, V36 N8:1919-1927.

Sarmiento JL, Orr JC. 3-Dimensional Simulations of the Impact of Southern Ocean Nutrient Depletion on Atmospheric CO2 and Ocean Chemistry. Limnology and Oceanography, 1991 Dec, V36 N8:1928-1950.

Sorensen, R. (1995) Maricult–Planting the seeds of a blue revolution. Tellíus (May 1995) 5—7.

Vanscoy K, Coale K. Pumping Iron in the Pacific. New Scientist, 1994 Dec 3, V144 N1954:32-35.

Watson A, Liss P, Duce R. Design of a Small-Scale Insitu Iron Fertilization Experiment. Limnology and Oceanography, 1991 Dec, V36 N8:1960-1965.

Watson AJ, Law CS, Vanscoy KA, Millero FJ, and others. Minimal Effect of Iron Fertilization on Sea-Surface Carbon Dioxide Concentrations. Nature, 1994 Sep 8, V371 N6493:143-145.

Zettler ER, Olson RJ, Binder BJ, Chisholm SW, and others. Iron-Enrichment Bottle Experiments in the Equatorial Pacific – Responses of Individual Phytoplankton Cells. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 1996, V43 N4-6:1017-1029.

Other Relevant Ocean Science Papers

Archer, D, Kheshgi, H, Maierreimer, E. Dynamics of Fossil Fuel CO2 Neutralization by Marine CaCO3. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1998 Jun, V12 N2:259-276.

Archer, D, Kheshgi, H, Maierreimer, E. Multiple Timescales for Neutralization of Fossil Fuel CO2. Geophysical Research Letters, 1997 Feb 15, V24 N4:405-408.

Behrenfeld, MJ, Falkowski, PG. a Consumer's Guide to Phytoplankton Primary Productivity Models. Limnology and Oceanography, 1997 Nov, V42 N7:1479-1491.

Behrenfeld, MJ, Falkowski, PG. Photosynthetic Rates Derived from Satellite-Based Chlorophyll Concentration. Limnology and Oceanography, 1997 Jan, V42 N1:1-20.

Bishop JKB, Rossow WB. Spatial and Temporal Variability of Global Surface Solar Irradiance. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1991 Sep 15, V96 Nc9:16839-16858.

Bishop JKB, Smith RC, Baker KS. Springtime Distributions and Variability of Biogenic Particulate Matter in Gulf Stream Warm-Core Ring 82b and Surrounding NW Atlantic Waters. Deep-Sea Research Part A-Oceanographic Research Papers, 1992 Mar, V39 N1a:S295-S325.

Bishop, JKB. Transmissometer Measurement of Poc. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, 1999 Feb, V46 N2:353-369.

Brewer, PG. Ocean Chemistry of the Fossil Fuel CO2 Signal: the Haline Signal of ''Business As Usual''. Geophysical Research Letters, 1997 Jun 1, V24 N11:1367-1369.

Brewer, PG, Goyet, C, Friederich, G. Direct Observation of the Oceanic CO2 Increase Revisited. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1997 Aug 5, V94 N16:8308-8313.

Brewer, PG, Orr, FM, Friederich, G, Kvenvolden, KA, and others. Deep-Ocean Field Test of Methane Hydrate Formation from a Remotely Operated Vehicle. Geology, 1997 May, V25 N5:407-410.

Caldeira, K, Rau, GH, Duffy, PB. Predicted Net Efflux of Radiocarbon from the Ocean and Increase in Atmospheric Radiocarbon Content. Geophysical Research Letters, 1998 Oct 15, V25 N20:3811-3814.

Falkowski PG. The Role of Phytoplankton Photosynthesis in Global Biogeochemical Cycles. Photosynthesis Research, 1994 Mar, V39 N3:235-258.

Falkowski PG, Kolber Z. Variations in Chlorophyll Fluorescence Yields in Phytoplankton in the World Oceans. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1995, V22 N2:341-355.

Falkowski PG, Ziemann D, Kolber Z, Bienfang Pk. Role of Eddy Pumping in Enhancing Primary Production in the Ocean. Nature, 1991 Jul 4, V352 N6330:55-58.

Falkowski, PG. Evolution of the Nitrogen Cycle and Its Influence on the Biological Sequestration of CO2 in the Ocean. Nature, 1997 May 15, V387 N6630:272-275.

Falkowski, PG. Photosynthesis: the Paradox Carbon Dioxide Efflux. Current Biology, 1997 Oct 1, V7 N10:R637-R639.

Falkowski, PG, Barber, RT, Smetacek, V. Biogeochemical Controls and Feedbacks on Ocean Primary Production. Science, 1998 Jul 10, V281 N5374:200-206.

Johnson KS, Coale KH, Elrod VA, Tindale NW. Iron Photochemistry in Seawater from the Equatorial Pacific. Marine Chemistry, 1994 Jul, V46 N4:319-334.

Johnson, KS, Gordon, RM, Coale, KH. What Controls Dissolved Iron Concentrations in the World Ocean? Marine Chemistry, 1997 Jul, V57 N3-4:137-161.

Johnson, KS, Gordon, RM, Coale, KH. What Controls Dissolved Iron Concentrations in the World Ocean? Authors' Closing Comments. Marine Chemistry, 1997 Jul, V57 N3-4:181-186.

Ku TL, Luo SD, Kusakabe M, Bishop JKB. Ra-228-Derived Nutrient Budgets in the Upper Equatorial Pacific and the Role of New Silicate in Limiting Productivity. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 1995, V42 N2-3:479-497.

Liu WT, Zhang AZ, Bishop JKB. Evaporation and Solar Irradiance As Regulators of Sea Surface Temperature in Annual and Interannual Changes. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 1994 Jun 15, V99 Nc6:12623-12637.

Luo SD, Ku TL, Kusakabe M, Bishop JKB, and others. Tracing Particle Cycling in the Upper Ocean With TH-230 and TH-228 – an Investigation in the Equatorial Pacific Along 140-Degrees-W. Deep-Sea Research Part Ii-Topical Studies in Oceanography, 1995, V42 N2-3:805-829.

Raven, JA, Falkowski, PG. Oceanic Sinks for Atmospheric CO2. Plant Cell and Environment, 1999 Jun, V22 N6:741-755.

Stephens, BB, Keeling, RF, Heimann, M, Six, KD, and others. Testing Global Ocean Carbon Cycle Models Using Measurements of Atmospheric O2 and CO2 Concentration. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1998 Jun, V12 N2:213-230.

Other Relevant Papers

Bishop, JKB, Rossow, WB, Dutton, EG. Surface Solar Irradiance from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project 1983-1991. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 1997 Mar 27, V102 Nd6:6883-6910.

Caldeira K. Long-Term Control of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide – Low-Temperature Seafloor Alteration or Terrestrial Silicate-Rock Weathering. American Journal of Science, 1995 Nov, V295 N9:1077-1114.

Caldeira K, Kasting JF. Insensitivity of Global Warming Potentials to Carbon Dioxide Emission Scenarios. Nature, 1993 Nov 18, V366 N6452:251-253.

Hoffert, MI, Caldeira, K, Jain, AK, Haites, EF, and others. Energy Implications of Future Stabilization of Atmospheric CO2 Content. Nature, 1998 Oct 29, V395 N6705:881-884.

[Back to Top]